In today’s video, I explore how a patient room within a hospital can be designed as a narrative made up of a patient’s behaviors. By being able to orchestrate room elements within a hospital design’s patient room, you as an architect can bring building elements to foster healing by tapping into both the patient’s cognitive and behavioral processes.

As you watch this video, think of how you might tap into the resources with such a room, so that they coordinate with one another — yielding elements that are much more aesthetic, comfortable and effective — as they pull from each others strengths.

Video Transcript

00:10 Maria Lorena Lehman: This is Maria Lorena Lehman with SensingArchitecture.com. In this video, I’m going to talk about occupant experience, specifically looking at healthcare architecture and a recovery room for a patient, so the patient will be our occupant in this example. As you can see here, I’ve already drawn a very, very rough diagram of a typical patient room that you might typically see. In this upper hand corner, left-hand corner, might be a restroom area. Over here in the upper right hand corner might be a window with hopefully a view of some trees or nature. On this wall might be paintings or interactive video displays or televisions. Of course, this is the patient bed or central point where the patient spends most of their time. And we also have an area for visitors, which is all very important. And this, of course, is our main entry and exit into and from the room.

01:32 MLL: Now as you can see, there is already a narrative going on within this patient room. The patient has different activities with which they need to be involved, both things that they want to do and things that their medical team and doctors are prescribing them to do, usually to help them heal and keep their spirits up while within the hospital. Some of the things that are important for you as an architect to understand when designing for your occupants in this manner might be hierarchy and timing in conjunction with your occupant needs. And of course, as I said before, their needs might be what they want and what the medical staff thinks they should want and need.

02:35 MLL: And all of this leads them on their path to recovery. I think it is here where architecture often misses a beat, where the overall architectural solution tries to share all of these requirements and activities within one space. But what I think might be most interesting for you as an architect is to track the patterns in a story-like fashion where, for instance, with timing at certain times in the day, a patient might need to engage in activities of daily living. They may need help getting to and from the restroom. At other times of day, they may need more time for contemplation or peaceful thinking where looking at the view of nature has actually often been found to help patients heal. At other times of day, they may need distraction to watch television or interactive video displays, but similarly, the video displays could also serve to inform them and teach them how to take care of themselves and prepare them for their trip home. Likewise, visitors can be allowed in at certain times.

04:33 MLL: So the room is usually, today, in a one-size-fits-all standard state. But with transient architecture, I wonder how we can pull resources together within a room to really make each activity sing. For instance, the interactive television display might actually serve to teach them or inform them with activities and exercises so they can get better and more independent over time and begin to engage more readily in their activities of daily living.

05:37 MLL: So the idea here would be for you as an architect to begin to pull the different resources within the room; like the restrooms, televisions, interactive displays, views of nature, spaces for contemplation, visitor areas, patient bed, and of course, this involves room lighting, flooring, wall materials, ceiling materials so that they might become transient and work together in an orchestrated fashion to help emphasize certain elements within a room at certain times when the patients need it most. And this might help them to recover faster and better.

06:19 MLL: Thank you for listening. This is Maria Lorena Lehman with sensingarchitecture.com.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

The sign on the door doesn't look good, pushing heavy doors doesn't feel good, and both can leave a negative impression upon your building occupants.
Image: gruntzooki | Flickr

The other night as I was approaching (to enter) a restaurant, a group of people happened to be exiting. And as they were making their way through the main doors, one of them exclaimed (with a lot of passion in her voice), “we had to eat a lot of food to be able to push these doors open” — the doors were just “so heavy“.

As it became my turn to enter, it also became my turn to hold the door and I quickly discovered just how right she was in her observation.

While this was a good restaurant…There were some lessons to be learned here.

As an architect you must make a concerted effort to go beyond the visual and aural senses — for, in the restaurant design that I recently experienced, it would have helped immensely if the designers had made their entrance/exit “gateway” feature more than just look good…because despite their best efforts to do this, once occupants interacted with the doors, their negative perceptions reflected badly upon the restaurant and their dining experience.

So much of architecture is a touch-based and tactile experience. Just think of how many times your occupants “touch” something (architectural details) while experiencing your building design.

It may help to actually walk yourself through their journey, while paying particular attention to what their sensorial journey will be like. For instance, what do they hear within each spatial zone of your design? What do they touch? …whether to open a door, pull up a chair, turn on a light switch, lean against a wall, hold a handrail, and so on? Think about how each architectural zone transitions into the next, and about what core points you intend to make in each within your design.

The First and Last Thing They Remember

Not only is it important to understand the sequence of the way your architectural design impacts your occupants through their journey, but it is also good to think about where within the sequence they experience those things. For example, the extremely heavy doors within the restaurant that people experienced became the first and the last thing that those restaurant goers had to contend with during their dining experience at that place. What kind of message do you think that sends to them, especially if this was their first and last impression?

Now, if you are trying to make a bold statement, then it may be wise to work within your designs by juxtaposing different sensory modalities. Perhaps slightly heavier doors are purposely set there to create a certain atmosphere and expectation within the occupant before they experience the full breadth of an interior space. But be careful, making a statement too bold may create the opposite effect that you are aiming for.

Thus, when you are working to get all of the architectural detailing just right, do not overlook (or take for granted) the most simple and obvious within your architectural designs. You may often find that it is within these “details” that many designs (which may have otherwise been good), simply fall short or are otherwise ruined. So, again, do not overlook the details — and I am talking about the ones that are most simple and obvious. Think beyond what might look good to also incorporate how it will actually feel within the overall experience of your design. For, even building details can have strong and long-lasting impact on your entire overarching building design, either positive or negative.

In the end, create your architectural details to give your building occupants the experience that they need, while all the time trying to surpass their expectations.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: o palsson | Flickr

Often in architectural design (and as with any business) there is a wide variety of modeling, testing, and planning to ensure that the final project (or product) will make its way into the real world with great success. As architects, I know that there are a wide variety of things we do to help us visualize our built environments for clients — where we pull from our own internal talents and resources, combine them with the latest know-how and efforts of our design team and consultants, and then proceed to get them accepted by all kinds of review boards, committees and so on. But — have you ever done a quality control design test of your building after it’s built? If so, how do you do it? And what do you do with the results?

Do you ever ask yourself — How much testing and surveying do we really do as architects once our building is built? What do we do after it is constructed? Do we merely check in on it in a general manner and use it for marketing opportunities?… Or, do we examine what our design team has created?

I say all of this because I think it is important to have a relationship and connection with your designed buildings after they are built. Wouldn’t it be nice to be a “fly on a wall” so you could get a sneak peak at exactly how your building occupants use your spaces, interact with them, behave within them and so on?

Why Running a Design Test Is so Important, And How You Can Start to Do It

Of course, if something about your building really fails, I am pretty sure you hear about it in no time flat. However, there are ways for you take the time to really observe the nuances to what you have built for your occupants. For instance, it is important to really listen and watch the way the people within your buildings use your designs. You will immediately begin to see the things that work and the things that do not, but even more amazingly your design test observations will lead to realizations and then into insights which I think will enter into your design process and emerge as even more creative solutions during your next architectural project. Thus, a main benefit to studying the nuance to your buildings in use after they are built, is to give you an awareness of your own design decisions and process. In the end, you’ll design better buildings both with greater quality and in less time.

One way, and a very easy way, to start to begin to understand your design (in an almost undercover way) is to talk with people that are inhabiting your buildings, whether they occupy them daily or after their one-time visit, their point of view about their experience can really serve as a wake-up-call to you. They key is to talk with people that you would not normally talk with as the “architect”. Ask somebody in your building that uses a particular feature to execute their work for instance. Ask how they like. Ask a few questions to get them talking and before you know it they could be giving you invaluable information about your design abilities. They may say “you know, I love this about it — but this part is really uncomfortable”.

It is a moment like that, that can turn into a golden opportunity. But with such an insight, yes you do see a problem (and that is unfortunate), but then you have many options to either fix it, take note of it, or even tell the person using it that they are using it wrong or even suggest a workaround. But, your observation does not end there…

Be sure to make a mental note of what they said because this design oversight, conflict or even miscalculation will help you see a constraint which might be holding all of your designs back. And trust me, once you have heard a revelation like this, you as an architect and designer will grow — having what I like to call architectural empathy.

In other words, you will be better able to put yourself into your occupants shoes — yes, helping you to design better projects in the future, but also increasing your relationship with your clients early in the design process.

Thus, I encourage you to think about studying your buildings, not only before the project is built, but well after it has been built. Remember that you should not leave your building completely once it has been “finished”; for, your building will remain standing for a long time and I think there is much that can be learned from it — not only by others, but also by you.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: it's life. | Flickr

Why is it that truly innovative building design is practiced few and far between? Yes, many architects spend their energy building buildings, but few built architecture that uses the design of build environments to uplift lifestyle for their occupants. So, how can you as an architect push your buildings ahead, to break the mold and go beyond the status quo?

Do you find that you are at times stuck in a rut — using the same building materials, building after building, simply because you know they work? While it is by no means a bad thing to use materials that have proven to be successful in your designs, it can be rather limiting if you do not set your sights further ahead, perhaps to some new materials, new design methods or even design thinking that you have not yet explored.

Wouldn’t it be a sort of vicious circle if you wanted to design innovatively, yet did not because you are too afraid to pursue your innovative ideas (affiliate link) for fear that they will not work, cost too much, waste too much time or not be accepted by your clients? Such is the conundrum of innovative architecture — there is indeed risk when you pursue innovation, yet with proper testing, necessary resources and the proper mindset, it does become possible to minimize that risk so you can reap the rewards of not only pursuing innovation design, but also practicing it.

Brainstorming To Break the Mold

A famous expression says that “necessity is the mother of invention”. So if you find yourself working repetitively, in a way that hinders you from evolving to be the type of architect you know you can be, there is a time and a way for you to break the mold.

Often, giving yourself permission, budget and time to break the mold will often be followed by brainstorming activities whereby you search for unexplored, new and creative applications for your next building projects. However, the quality of your brainstorming can be greatly improved when you do as the above famous expression suggests — take a closer look at the “necessities” that abound within not only present-day architecture, but also human lifestyle. For, it is often in finding a problem, or a “necessity”, that a real innovative building design will surface.

I advise you to also take a look at how people use buildings — not only other architect’s buildings, but specifically your own buildings that have already been built. I had one reader recently write to me saying that he wishes that all architects would have to inhabit their building for one year after it has been built. And I must say that although this seems difficult to do in practice, it makes sense in theory.

I am sure that you will not have to look for too long before you begin to see certain problems that run as common threads through many of our buildings today. With such “problems” you may find yourself beginning to brainstorm, breaking your own mold, and beginning on your own path toward architectural design innovation — resulting in actualized breakthrough solutions.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: lumaxart | Flickr

New technologies and tools are surfacing faster and faster these days, and one that has major impact and momentum is BIM, a digital media tool which allows architects to create a virtual building information model.

Such BIM design technologies are contributing to what some say will lead to major paradigm shifts for architecture firms — namely in the way architects engage in their own design process as well as the ability to foster greater collaboration between clients, contractors and consultants.

BIM design tools will allow for great detail in virtual building models, where an architectural design will will come together in more meaningful and cross-collaborative ways — beyond anything typical AutoCAD models have been able to do thus-far.

Such BIM visualization tools allow for much more, like the ability to model a building with everything from partitions, to plumbing and HVAC systems. Furthermore, BIM design will also allow architectural team members to study light and energy before the building is ever built. And yet, it does still more.

As the article entitled “BIM Me Up, Scotty” explains, this kind of Building Information Model can work with applications which allow you, as an architect, to run what is called “clash detection“. This can go a long way toward preventing design problems and conflicts, large and small, very early on in the design process. This works by allowing computer processes to check the model against certain rules like code regulations, accessibility requirements and even structural system issues. Wouldn’t you want to know about such problems early on in your design process, as opposed to finding out about them later on?…when they cost more money and are more difficult to fix.

What Does BIM Design Mean for Your Creative Process?

At present, many architects work with digital media tools like 3D Studio Max, AutoCAD, Revit and Rhino for computer visualizations and modeling. However, BIM has the potential and power to bring a new dimension to your world of architectural design, perhaps helping to further empower your firm.

By being able to model your building in such great detail early on in your design process, you will be able to reduce cost and time spent during later stages. After all, problem finding within something as complex as a building can help you out tremendously — not to mention that your BIM model can be shared with other team members like consultants and even clients.

So, design collaboration, problem solving and dynamic analysis are just a few of the major factors that make BIM a digital media tool for all architects to consider. Some say that the BIM wave is only just at its beginning, but that it will revolutionize not only the way we design and build buildings, but will fundamentally impact the nature of our role as “architect”. What do you think?

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: NASA Goddard Photo and Video | Flickr

Buildings today continue to move from static to fluid design, and this fluidity is expressed by integrating not only new materials with amazing behavioral properties, but also by pulling information patterns from a building’s context. Interestingly, it is this “pulling” of sorts that can bring architectural fluidity toward architectural adaptability.

So, what does it mean for a building to pull? And where might it pull from?

As we can see with the internet, our mass populations are collecting large quantities of information about the world in which we live — with cues about how we live in that world. As an architect, you should look upon such collections as proverbial goldmines, within which you can sift to find nuggets of collective wisdom for you designs.

Extracting information and capitalizing upon it can be easier said than done. A building that pulls information from the internet, a country’s population, a weather pattern or even a neighborhood’s political race, can range from “ingenious” all the way to “controversial”. Suddenly, your designed architecture space can find new ways to engage and interact with its surrounding contexts — and when executed correctly can help those that experience it.

Does an architecture that pulls from the masses merely act as a mirror? An interpreter? Or as the loyal opposition?

It’s all In the Stars

Just like the seemingly infinite array of patterns found in the sky above, you can use your building as an outward demonstration of what is otherwise be an intangible mass. The real question becomes…”How can “pulling” help your building to be better?”.

Over time, stars have served a multitude of purposes. Humans look to them for everything from night gazing for their beauty to life-dependent navigation. And similarly, architecture can do more than help people to “visualize” information — especially when that information is pulled into three- and four-dimensional form.

When there are masses, there are patterns — behavioral, emotional, inspirational spiritual and so on. Yes, it is important that you listen to the elite few as you design your buildings and push for them to exceed your last, but it will also help for you to take a look in the unexpected and untapped places where the “masses” congregate. Figure out how to pull that information into your architectural design, and then use that knowledge to equip yourself and your building to respond with not only elegant fluidity but humane and beautiful adaptability.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: jared | Flickr

In the image above, you can see how beautiful and revealing the implementation of algorithmic processes can be. To help you better understand what is going on in the above image, here is the author’s explanation about the mysterious and beautiful form patterns. It is curiously and simply called “Happy Place:

“256 nodes with friendships to other nodes tied together using the following rules: get as close to friends as possible, and get away from everyone else. Drawing lines between friends the above image is generated (unique with each execution).” (see source here)

When you combine the power of understanding occupant and human relations and behavioral patterns with the dynamics and fluidity that computational design can bring, you have quite a unique coupling that can unleash not only an adaptive architecture but also a highly customized and optimized one — algorithmic architecture.

Algorithmic architecture is about more than creating a three-dimensional “map” or “visualization” of real-time activity. It brings with it a sense-making ability that ties computer language and algorithms together. Suddenly, buildings are at once gaining incredible scalability and permutability, which as always, leaves it up to the designer as to how to set the language which interprets the algorithms. Thus, design is still in the hands of the designer.

How Would You Make Algorithmic Architecture Work For You?

Just imagine if you could take a building and watch it grow. As the designer, what “rules” would you have your building follow? How would you try to optimize its function? And its beauty?

With algorithmic architecture, it seems to me that we can build and envision entirely new ways to make built environments not only happier but healthier for those that inhabit them, by tweaking certain key inputs or processes to generate some pretty amazing environmental built forms.

Similar to the rendering above which illustrates the “friendship” behaviors between “nodes”, you could use algorithms to generate designs that grow from the behaviors of your occupants and their surrounding contexts. You, as an architect, would design a new kind of “occupant-centered” architecture — generated from your own language which sets these rules and interprets them.

So tell me, how would you use algorithmic architecture if you could solve the biggest challenge in your design today. How would you want to optimize your buildings, tap into relationships that are happening between its pieces and parts or even interact with your occupants in entirely new ways?

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: Noël Zia Lee | Flickr

How do you begin to model systems and processes that nature teaches? How do you translate your discoveries and breakthroughs to help in your design process, making you a better designer?

Well, I found a pine cone the other day. It was tiny, well formed, delicate at the tips and solid at the base. Yes, that is and of itself quite beautiful and enough to inspire most creative thinkers in their design efforts. However, we live in a day and age where, with nature, we can delve much deeper by changing our perspective and interpretation.

Questions like — Why was that pinecone laying where it was? How did it get there? Where did it come from? What is inside? If I take it apart, what do its elements actually do? How do they function? What is it made of? How does it travel through air? What does it protect? How? Why? And When? You get the idea…

For architects, there is an entire mindset shift going on in our profession. New ways to explore, dissect and draw inspiration from nature are happening every minute of every day. Particularly as Biomimicry is better understood, practiced and, thus, becomes more widespread.

A refined and attuned way of questioning and “seeing” should become part of your mindset shift. Building green will take on whole new meanings as we progress into the future. (It already is today.) We are going beyond learning to harmoniously “live with” nature, to become “part of it” in entirely new ways.

Now, Let’s Go Back to that Pine Cone I Found

During the lifecycle of the pinecone, did you know that it opens and closes during different points of its life, often dependent on the conditions which surround it? For instance, the pinecone scales grow in order to protect its seeds after being fertilized. Then, those scales close to allow for the seeds to develop. Once the seeds are ready, those scales will open to release the seeds — allowing them to fly away as far as possible.

What makes this even more amazing is that when the weather is moist, those same scales remain closed (so the seeds cannot escape). But when the weather is dry, those scales open to ensure that the seeds are leaving at the right time. You see, when the weather is dry those seeds can travel furthest as they are not weighed down. (To read more about these specifics, see Wiki here.)

Now let’s take this through the process of letting this inspire a design. What if a building could grow certain parts of its skin at certain times? Perhaps this building skin could resemble a chameleon which changes much more than its color. Its functions could change dependent on its relative conditions, both inside and out. What wonderful response cycles, giving architectural transience a renewed meaning.

The notion of “growth” is quite intriguing to me. Imagine a “part” that grows, plays its role and then disappears. Would that mean we could have a new kind of “scaffolding” or inner mechanism that serves its purpose during different phases of a building’s life cycle?

In the end, that pinecone was on a mission — to allow for the fertilization of seeds, to protect them and then to disperse them at just the right time.

Your building occupants are your seeds. Protect them. Allow them to flourish, function and grow in the best way possible — and make your design solution for this as beautiful as the pinecone.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: Eduardo Deboni | Flickr

Yes, findings stemming from the worlds of science and technology are painting a new era that we are already beginning.

When cutting-edge paradigm-shifts occur, like new perspectives on nature that make methods like Biomimicry and BioDigital Architecture possible, I still wonder how these, combined with other factors like culture, globalization, personal preferences, lifestyle trends and geographic land characteristics will impact what we, as architectural visionaries, paint for the future.

Well, the future is happening now and as different cultures help to mold, embrace and even reject what design visionaries bring forward, I find it fascinating to uncover how innovative designs emerge into (and from) different regions and respective populations in the world.

What Stories Will Biomimicry Designs Tell?

As architects take on a renewed and forward-looking slant when turning to nature for inspiration, will this “attuned” architecture reflect its contextual surrounding geography and culture? After all, nature found in different parts of the world maintain different forms of life cycle processes and response systems; thus, giving architects a plethora of sources from which to design for more advanced architectural function and beauty.

In looking ahead, I can’t help but envision what Biomimicry and BioDigial Architecture can do for our architectural discipline. On the forefront, I can see that architecture will gain a renewed closeness with nature that it has never consciously had before. I also can see buildings that metaphorically embody a piece of nature (take the simple example of a flower), where an architect studies a particular process or response system from nature and then builds an architecture stemming from this nature inspired “seed”. Thus, a literal flower species can metaphorically plant its “seeds” within an architect’s vision — so then, a bioDigital building becomes a metaphorical flower offspring.

So yes, I do think the emergence of more bioDigital architecture will reflect the very nature which surrounds a building (or at least, the architect). Architectural clues like material, fabrication method and occupant lifestyle preference are already inherent to buildings around the world. Thus, a building is like a time capsule holding within it not just its occupants while it is functional within its own time, but also holding within it an “archeological-type” find that serves as a multi-dimensional “treasure map” telling a story to all those who “read” it long after its occupants are gone.

What story do you think buildings will tell once new technologies and scientific breakthroughs have had a chance to take full effect in architectural advances like Biomimic Design? Will buildings tell a deeper tale about what extinct species and types of nature existed before in a specific region of the world? Furthermore, what story will architecture built using nanotechnology, bioDigital algorithmic design and ubiquitous computing methods?

One thing is for sure, I do think that new biomimcry design methods will implant new layers of information — making the visionary buildings of today, gem-like seeds for tomorrow.

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman

Image: Photomish Dan | Flickr

As the relation between biomimicry, nanotechnology and new computing software evolves, a key design strategy surfaces — and a key aspect to that design strategy is BioDigital Architecture. In this branch of study and research, designers use different computer processes (algorithmic, for example) to grow architectural living systems. And these “living systems” are derived from, what Dennis Dollens describes as, metaphors of nature.

Designers can learn to understand nature in new terms, asking a different line of questions than usual. To design BioDigital Architecture, one must tap into the qualities of nature that motivate its cycles and response systems. And as you will see in the video below, Dennis Dollens lectures on exactly what that can mean for buildings.

I agree with Dollens that we can design and build better buildings by moving beyond our present-day “piece-meal” approach where separate components come together to yield a “sustainable” building. First, the window systems must coordinate with the roof system, then the roof and window systems must coordinate with the lighting systems. In the end, we wind up with separate system components which are later integrated into what we today call a “building system”.

BioDigital Architecture, on the other hand, will look toward nature for its principles. From those, designers can use computation (and other methods) to innovate systems that become much more than their parts. The totality of this livelier system might be marked by aspects of behavior, interaction and structure — where the layers that make up the system are more cyclical and responsive in nature.

It is my thinking that BioDigital Architecture will optimize the architect’s potential, leveraging our methods, talents and ideas to yield more fluid and inherently dynamic built forms. The following is Dennis Dollens’ short lecture. Please note that below the video is a link so you can take a peak at his publication which describes all of this, and more:

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© 2008-2011 Sensing Architecture by Maria Lorena Lehman